Device downloads. For software and drivers select your product from the list below. Windows 10 (32-bit only) Mouse and Keyboard Center 11. Hello, When I got this Windows 10 It came with touch screen. After a year of using My PC It said no Touch screen or pen. I want to 'Device Manger,' And I did not saw any 'HID Touch,' So is there any way to get the touch screen driver back? The sample keyboard filter driver Kbfiltr defines the KbFilterServiceCallback callback, and the sample mouse filter driver Moufiltr defines the MouFilterServiceCallback callback. The sample filter service callbacks can be configured to modify the input data that is transferred from the port input buffer for a device to the class data queue. DS4Windows is a portable program that allows you to get the best experience while using a DualShock 4 on your PC. By emulating a Xbox 360 controller, many more games are accessible.
-->This topic describes the features of I8042prt, the Microsoft Windows 2000 and later system function driver for PS/2-style keyboard and mouse devices.
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I8042prt implements the I8042prt service and its executable image is i8042prt.sys.
The features of I8042prt include:
Hardware-dependent, simultaneous operation of a PS/2-style keyboard and mouse device.
The keyboard and mouse share I/O ports, but use different interrupts, interrupt service routines (ISR), and ISR dispatch completion routines.
Plug and Play, power management, and WMI
Operation of legacy devices.
Connection of a keyboard class service callback routine and a mouse class service callback routine.
I8042prt uses the class service callback to transfer data from the input data buffer of I8042prt to the data buffer of the class driver.
Addition of a vendor-supplied PI8042_KEYBOARD_INITIALIZATION_ROUTINE callback routines for a keyboard device.
An optional upper-level device filter driver provides the callback routines.
Addition of a vendor-supplied PI8042_KEYBOARD_ISR callback routine and a custom PI8042_MOUSE_ISR callback routine.
Optional upper-level device filter drivers provide these callbacks routines.
Keyboard write buffer request and mouse write buffer request.
An upper-level device filter driver can use write buffer requests to synchronize its writes to a device with the ISR of the device and other reads and writes on the device.
Keyboard start information request and mouse start information request.
The start information request passes a pointer to an interrupt object of a device to an upper-level filter driver. The filter driver can use the interrupt object to synchronize its operation with the ISR of the device.
I8042prt callback routines.
An upper-level device filter driver can use the callback routines in the context of the ISR of a device to write to a device, and to queue data packets from the device.
Registry settings associated with the PS/2 driver
The following is a list of registry keys associated with the PS/2 port driver.
- EnableWheelDetection [REG_DWORD] – Determines whether the driver attempts to detect and enable the wheel on the mouse device. Some devices are equipped with a mouse wheel to provide rapid scrolling and other control features if supported by an application.
- ResendIterations [REG_DWORD] – Specifies the maximum number of times a hardware operation is attempted. If the number of trials exceeds the value of this entry, Windows considers the operation to have failed.
- NumberOfButtons [REG_DWORD] – Specifies the number of buttons on the mouse-port mouse at startup. If the number of buttons detected at startup is incorrect, you can override it by changing the value of this entry.
- KeyboardDataQueueSize [REG_DWORD] – Specifies the number of keyboard events that the keyboard driver buffers. This entry is also used in calculating the size of the keyboard driver's internal buffer in nonpaged memory pool. To determine the number of bytes to allocate for the buffer, the system multiplies the size of the KEYBOARD_INPUT_DATA structure by the value of KeyboardDataQueueSize.
- PollStatusIterations [REG_DWORD] – Specifies the maximum number of times the system verifies interrupts on the i8042 controller status register. If the interrupt cannot be verified in the number of trials specified in the value of this entry, the interrupt is ignored.
- PollingIterations [REG_DWORD] - Specifies the maximum number of times Windows 2000 polls the hardware. If the number of trials specified in this entry is exceeded, Windows 2000 stops polling.
- SampleRate [REG_DWORD] – Specifies how often the PS/2 driver measures the characteristics and activities of the PS/2 mouse. The driver uses the information gathered through sampling to optimize the operation of the mouse device.
- PollingIterationsMaximum [REG_DWORD] – Specifies the maximum number of times Windows 2000 polls the hardware on older-style AT keyboards. If the number of trials specified in this entry is exceeded, Windows stops polling.
- MouseResendStallTime [REG_DWORD] – Determines how long the mouse driver waits for an acknowledgement (ACK) of a reset if a RESEND message is returned without an ACK. This entry is used when the mouse driver interrupt service routine includes a reset.
- OverrideKeyboardType [REG_DWORD] – Specifies the keyboard type. You can add this entry to the registry to correct an error in the keyboard type detected at startup.
- OverrideKeyboardSubtype [REG_DWORD] – Specifies the OEM-dependent keyboard subtype. You can add this entry to the registry to correct an error in the keyboard subtype detected at startup.
For additional information, please see:
-->Non-HID keyboards and mice can connect over multiple legacy buses but still use the same class driver. This section contains details on the class drivers themselves. The following sections goes into details on the controllers.
This topic describes the typical physical configuration of keyboard and mouse devices in Microsoft Windows 2000 and later.
The following figures show two common configurations that employ a single keyboard and a single mouse.
The figure on the left shows a keyboard and a mouse connected to a system bus through independent controllers. A typical configuration consists of a PS/2-style keyboard operated through an i8042 controller, and a serial-style mouse operated through a serial port controller.
The following additional information is important for keyboard and mice manufactures:
- Keyboards are opened in exclusive mode by the operating system stack for security reasons
- Windows supports the simultaneous connection of more than one keyboard and mouse device.
- Windows does not support independent access by a client to each device.
Class driver features
This topic describes the features of the following Microsoft Windows 2000 and later system class drivers:
Kbdclass, the class driver for devices of GUID_CLASS_KEYBOARD device class
Mouclass, the class driver for devices of GUID_CLASS_MOUSE device class
Kbdclass implements the Kbdclass service and its executable image is kbdclass.sys.
Mouclass implements the Mouclass service and its executable image is mouclass.sys.
Kbdclass and Mouclass each feature:
Generic and hardware-independent operation of the device class.
Plug and Play, power management, and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI).
Operation of legacy devices.
Simultaneous operation of more than one device.
Connection of a class service callback routine that a function driver uses to transfer data from the input data buffer of the device to the data buffer of the class driver.
Configuration of device objects
The following figure shows the configuration of device objects for a Plug and Play PS/2-style keyboard and mouse device. Each class driver creates an upper-level class filter device object (filter DO) that is attached to a function device object (FDO) through an optional upper-level device filter DO. An upper-level device filter driver creates the upper-level device filter DO. I8042prt creates the function DO and attaches it to a physical device object (PDO) created by the root bus driver.
PS/2 Keyboard
The keyboard driver stack consists of the following.
- Kbdclass, the upper-level keyboard class filter driver
- One or more optional upper-level keyboard filter driver
- I8042prt, the function driver
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PS/2 Mouse
The mouse driver stack consists of the following.
- Mouclass, the upper-level mouse class filter driver
- One or more optional upper-level mouse filter driver
- I8042prt, the function driver
Kbdclass and Mouclass can support more than one device in two different modes. In the one-to-one mode, each device has an independent device stack. The class driver creates and attaches an independent class DO to each device stack. Each device stack has its own control state and input buffer. The Microsoft Win32 subsystem accesses input from each device through a unique file object.
In the grandmaster mode, the class driver operates all the devices in the following way:
The class driver creates both a grandmaster class DO that represents all of the devices and a subordinate class DO for each device.
The class driver attaches a subordinate class DO to each device stack. Below the subordinate class DO, the device stack is same as that created in the one-to-one mode.
The grandmaster class DO controls the operation of all the subordinate DOs.
The Win32 subsystem accesses all device input through the file object that represents the grandmaster class device.
All device input is buffered in the grandmaster's data queue.
The grandmaster maintains a single global device state.
Kbdclass and Mouclass operate in the one-to-one mode if their registry entry value ConnectMultiplePorts is set to 0x00 (under the key HKLMServicesCurrentControlSet<class service>Parameters, where class service is Kbdclass or Mouclass). Otherwise Kbdclass and Mouclass operate in grandmaster mode.
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Open and close via the class driver
The Microsoft Win32 subsystem opens all keyboard and mouse devices for its exclusive use. For each device class, the Win32 subsystem treats input from all the devices as if the input came from a single input device. An application cannot request to receive input from only one particular device.
The Win32 subsystem dynamically opens Plug and Play input devices after it receives notification from the Plug and Play manager that a GUID_CLASS_KEYBOARD or GUID_CLASS_MOUSE device interface is enabled. The Win32 subsystem closes Plug and Play devices after it receives notification that an opened interface is disabled. The Win32 subsystem also opens legacy devices by name (for example, 'DeviceKeyboardLegacyClass0'). Note that once the Win32 subsystem successfully opens a legacy device, it cannot determine if the device is later physically removed.
After Kbdclass and Mouclass receive a create request they do the following for Plug and Play and legacy operation:
Plug and Play Operation
If the device is in the Plug and Play started state, the class driver sends the IRP_MJ_CREATE request down the driver stack. Otherwise the class driver completes the request without sending the request down the driver stack. The class driver sets the trusted file that has read access to the device. If there is a grandmaster device, the class driver sends a create request to all the ports that are associated with the subordinate class devices.
Legacy Operation
The class driver sends an internal device control request to the port driver to enable the device.
Connect a service callback to a device
The class drivers must connect their class service to a device before the device can be opened. The class drivers connect their class service after they attach a class DO to a device stack. The function driver uses the class service callback to transfer input data from a device to the class data queue for the device. The function driver's ISR dispatch completion routine for a device calls the class service callback. Kbdclass provides the class service callback KeyboardClassServiceCallback, and Mouclass provides the class service callback MouseClassServiceCallback.
A vendor can modify the operation of a class service callback by installing an upper-level filter driver for a device. The sample keyboard filter driver Kbfiltr defines the KbFilter_ServiceCallback callback, and the sample mouse filter driver Moufiltr defines the MouFilter_ServiceCallback callback. The sample filter service callbacks can be configured to modify the input data that is transferred from the port input buffer for a device to the class data queue. For example, the filter service callback can delete, transform, or insert data.
The class and filter service callbacks are connected in the following way:
The class driver sends an internal device connect request down the device stack (IOCTL_INTERNAL_KEYBOARD_CONNECT or IOCTL_INTERNAL_MOUSE_CONNECT). The class connect data is specified by a CONNECT_DATA structure that includes a pointer to the class device object, and a pointer to the class service callback.
After the filter driver receives the connect request, it saves a copy of the class connect data, and replaces the request's connect data with filter connect data. The filter connect data specifies a pointer to the filter device object and a pointer to the filter driver service callback. The filter driver then sends the filtered connect request to the function driver.
The class and filter service callbacks are called in the following way:
The function driver uses the filter connect data to make the initial callback to the filter service callback.
After filtering the input data, the filter service callback uses the class connect data that it saved to make a callback to the class service callback.
Query and set a keyboard device
I8042prt supports the following internal device control requests to query information about a keyboard device, and to set parameters on a keyboard device:
For more information about all keyboard device control requests, see Human Interface Devices Reference.
Scan code mapper for keyboards
In Microsoft Windows operating systems, PS/2-compatible scan codes provided by an input device are converted into virtual keys, which are propagated through the system in the form of Windows messages. If a device produces an incorrect scan code for a certain key, the wrong virtual key message will be sent. This can be fixed by writing a filter driver that analyzes the scan codes generated by firmware and modifies the incorrect scan code to one understood by the system. However, this is a tedious process and can sometimes lead to severe problems, if errors exist in the kernel-level filter driver.
Windows 2000 and Windows XP include a new Scan Code Mapper, which provides a method that allows for mapping of scan codes. The scan code mappings for Windows are stored in the following registry key:
Note There is also a Keyboard Layouts key (notice the plural form) under the Control key, but that key should not be modified.
In the Keyboard Layout key, the Scancode Map value must be added. This value is of type REG_BINARY (little Endian format) and has the data format specified in the following table.
Start offset (in bytes) | Size (in bytes) | Data |
---|---|---|
0 | 4 | Header: Version Information |
4 | 4 | Header: Flags |
8 | 4 | Header: Number of Mappings |
12 | 4 | Individual Mapping |
... | ... | ... |
Last 4 bytes | 4 | Null Terminator (0x00000000) |
The first and second DWORDS store header information and should be set to all zeroes for the current version of the Scan Code Mapper. The third DWORD entry holds a count of the total number of mappings that follow, including the null terminating mapping. The minimum count would therefore be 1 (no mappings specified). The individual mappings follow the header. Each mapping is one DWORD in length and is divided into two WORD length fields. Each WORD field stores the scan code for a key to be mapped.
Once the map is stored in the registry, the system must be rebooted for the mappings to take effect. Note that if the mapping of a scan code is necessary on a keypress, the step is performed in user mode just before the scan code is converted to a virtual key. Doing this conversion in user mode can present certain limitations, such as mapping not working correctly when running under Terminal Services.
To remove these mappings, remove the Scancode Map registry value and reboot.
Example 1
The following presents an example. To swap the left CTRL key with the CAPS LOCK key, use a registry editor (preferably Regedt32.exe) to modify the Scancode Map key with the following value:
The following table contains these entries broken into DWORD fields and the bytes swapped.
Value: Interpretation
0x00000000: Header: Version. Set to all zeroes.
0x00000000: Header: Flags. Set to all zeroes.
0x00000003: Three entries in the map (including null entry).
0x001D003A: Left CTRL key --> CAPS LOCK (0x1D --> 0x3A).
0x003A001D: CAPS LOCK --> Left CTRL key (0x3A --> 0x1D).
0x00000000: Null terminator.
Example 2
It is also possible to add a key not generally available on a keyboard or to remove a key that is never used. The following example shows the value stored in Scancode Map to remove the right CTRL key and change the functionality of the right ALT key to work as a mute key:
The following table contains these entries broken into DWORD fields and the bytes swapped.
Value: Interpretation
0x00000000: Header: Version. Set to all zeroes.
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0x00000000: Header: Flags. Set to all zeroes.
0x00000003: Three entries in the map (including null entry).
0xE01D0000: Remove the right CTRL key (0xE01D --> 0x00).
0xE038E020: Right ALT key --> Mute key (0xE038 --> 0xE020).
0x00000000: Null terminator.
After the necessary data is generated, it can be inserted into the registry in several ways.
- A .reg file can be generated that can be easily incorporated into the system registry using a registry editor.
- An .inf file can also be created with an [AddReg] section that contains the registry information to be added.
- Regedt32.exe can be used to manually add the information to the registry.
The Scan Code Mapper has several advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages include:
- The Mapper can be used as an easy fix to correct firmware errors.
- Frequently used keys can be added to the keyboard by modifying the map in registry. Keys that aren't often used (for example, right CTRL key) can be mapped to null (removed) or exchanged for other keys.
- Key locations can be altered easily. Users can easily customize the location of frequently used keys for their benefit.
The following disadvantages are recognized:
- Once the map is stored in the registry, a system reboot is required to activate it.
- The mappings stored in the registry work at system level and apply to all users. These mappings cannot be set to work differently depending on the current user.
- The current implementation restricts the functionality of the map such that mappings always apply to all keyboards connected to the system. It is not currently possible to create a map on a per-keyboard basis.
Query a mouse device
I8042prt supports the following internal device control request to query information about a mouse device:
For more information about all mouse device control requests, see Human Interface Devices Reference.
Registry settings associated with mouse class driver
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The following is a list of registry keys associated with the mouse class driver.
[Key: HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesMouclassParameters]
- MaximumPortsServiced – Not used on Windows XP and later. Only for Windows NT4.
- PointerDeviceBaseName – Specifies the base name for the device objects created by the mouse class device driver
- ConnectMultiplePorts – Determines whether there is one or more than one port device object for each class device object. This entry is used primarily by device drivers.
- MouseDataQueueSize - Specifies the number of mouse events buffered by the mouse driver. It also is used in calculating the size of the mouse driver's internal buffer in the nonpaged memory pool.
Absolute pointing devices
For devices of type GUID_CLASS_MOUSE, a device's function driver:
Handles device-specific input.
Creates the MOUSE_INPUT_DATA structures required by MouseClassServiceCallback.
Transfers MOUSE_INPUT_DATA structures to the Mouclass data queue by calling MouseClassServiceCallback in its ISR dispatch completion routine.
For an absolute pointing device, the device's function driver must set the LastX, LastY, and Flags members of the MOUSE_INPUT_DATA structures in the following way:
In addition to dividing the device input value by the maximum capability of the device, the driver scales the device input value by 0xFFFF:
The driver sets the MOUSE_MOVE_ABSOLUTE flag in Flags.
If the input should be mapped by Window Manager to an entire virtual desktop, the driver sets the MOUSE_VIRTUAL_DESKTOP flag in Flags. If the MOUSE_VIRTUAL_DESKTOP flag is not set, Window Manager maps the input to only the primary monitor.
The following specifies, by type of device, how these special requirements for an absolute pointing device are implemented:
HID devices:
Mouhid, the Windows function driver for HID mouse devices, implements these special requirements automatically.
PS/2-style devices:
An upper-level filter driver is required. The filter driver supplies an IsrHook callback and a class service callback. I8042prt calls the IsrHook to handle raw device input, and calls the filter class service callback to filter the input. The filter class service callback, in turn, calls MouseClassServiceCallback. The combination of the IsrHook callback and the class service callback handles device-specific input, creates the required MOUSE_INPUT_DATA structures, scales the device input data, and sets the MOUSE_MOVE_ABSOLUTE flag.
Plug and Play COM port devices that are enumerated by Serenum:
A Plug and Play function driver is required. The function driver creates the required MOUSE_INPUT_DATA structures, scales the device input data, and sets the MOUSE_MOVE_ABSOLUTE flag before it calls MouseClassServiceCallback.
Non-Plug and Play COM port devices:
A device-specific function driver is required. The function driver creates the required MOUSE_INPUT_DATA structures, scales the device input data, and sets the MOUSE_MOVE_ABSOLUTE flag before it calls MouseClassServiceCallback.
Device on an unsupported bus:
A device-specific function driver is required. The function driver creates the required MOUSE_INPUT_DATA structures, scales the device input data, and sets the MOUSE_MOVE_ABSOLUTE flag before it calls MouseClassServiceCallback.